作者：Tatsuya Naganawa 译者：TF编译组
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两年来，我在Tungsten Fabric的旅程中学到了不少知识，接下来，我会用几篇文章来简要介绍一下。
1为什么要用Tungsten Fabric？
首先，让我们来看一个重要的问题，SDN/Neutron/CNI都有很多不错的实现案例，为什么还要再尝试另一个呢？据我所知，Tungsten Fabric具有两个关键的差异化特征，这使它变得如此与众不同。
I. 与ASIC的互操作性
尽管有很多技术使Linux软件成为生产路由器/交换机的理想选择，但ASIC仍然是这一行业的重要组成部分。为了与它们进行互操作，SDN平台需要使用路由协议，例如BGP或OVSDB。
许多服务提供商和云服务商使用VRF来终结和分离每个客户的网络连接，这使得路由器和SDN之间的连接变得很复杂。
借助MP-BGP这个已经成熟实现的协议，Tungsten Fabric解决了上述问题，该协议允许路由器上的每个VRF将报文直接发送到vRouter，这些vRouter服务于每个客户的应用程序。此功能允许基于控制平面（而不是数据平面），对具有每个客户独立网络的计算节点进行水平扩展，并使其更加直观。
II. 可扩展性
由于报文是从路由器直接发送到vRouter的，因此不需要网络节点，这使得Tungsten Fabric在数据平面上具有更大的可扩展性。
另外，从控制平面的角度来看，Tungsten Fabric具有一个名为“路由目标过滤器（route target filtering）”（https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4684）的有意思的功能。
- 此功能在MP-BGP中很常见，其他路由器也具有这个功能
- 这个功能意味着，如果vRouter没有该路由目标（route target）的前缀，那么控制平面接收到它时会丢弃前缀
在云服务中，客户只使用云服务商的数据中心的有限功能，并且不同客户使用不同的路由目标，因此vRouter和控制器不需要知道所有前缀。路由目标过滤功能使这种行为成为可能，并大大减少了每个vRouter以及每个控制器（如果在它们之间使用RR的话）需要考虑的前缀数量，这使得该控制平面更具可扩展性。
对于私有云或托管云来说，将其与安全策略、网络策略/逻辑路由器（与AWS中的VPC peerling或transit-gateway类似）等其它功能结合在一起，这将是VPC基础架构（类似于AWS/Azure/GCP VPC/vnet）的一个不错的选择，并且使其成为一个非常值得一试的有趣平台。
2Tungsten Fabric，启动并运行
在第一次尝试使用Tungsten Fabric时，即使你已经熟悉其他CNI的部署，还是建议使用ansible-deployer（https://github.com/Juniper/contrail-ansible-deployer），因为Tungsten Fabric使用了很多种没有集成在Vanilla Linux中的工具。因此，建议首先尝试可以良好运行的设置，以查看新功能，然后再集成其它系统。
不幸的是，许多Tungsten Fabric的repos都与rawhide类似，并且在某些情况下已经失去了依赖性。
因此，我选择了一种组合，是我认为通常都能正常工作并且足够稳定，可以用来尝试大多数功能。
要尝试此操作，你需要两台服务器，一台用于K8s主服务器，另一台用于K8s节点。K8s主服务器需要至少有2个vCPU、8GB内存和8GB磁盘空间。K8s节点服务器需要1个vCPU、4GB内存和8GB磁盘空间。
- 我个人通常在AWS的ap-northeast-1区域中使用ami-3185744e（CentOS7.5, login-id: centos），t2.large的规格
- 由于在我看来，与Tungsten Fabric进行OpenStack和vCenter集成比使用Kubernetes进行集成要复杂得多，因此即使你不需要容器支持，我还是建议首先尝试此设置
- 安装过程，需要有互联网连接
##all the commands are typed at k8s master node
sudo yum -y remove PyYAML python-requests
sudo yum -y install git
sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install PyYAML requests ansible==2.7.15
ssh-keygen
cd .ssh/
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
ssh-copy-id root@(k8s node's ip) ## or manually register id_rsa.pub to authorized_keys
cd
git clone -b R5.1 http://github.com/Juniper/contrail-ansible-deployer
cd contrail-ansible-deployer
vi config/instances.yaml
(replace contents with this)
provider_config:
bms:
ssh_user: root
ssh_public_key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh_private_key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
domainsuffix: local
ntpserver: 0.centos.pool.ntp.org
instances:
bms1:
provider: bms
roles:
config_database:
config:
control:
analytics:
analytics_database:
webui:
k8s_master:
kubemanager:
ip: 172.31.14.47 ## k8s master's ip
bms2:
provider: bms
roles:
vrouter:
k8s_node:
ip: 172.31.41.236 ## k8s node's ip
contrail_configuration:
CONTRAIL_CONTAINER_TAG: r5.1
KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_PROJECT: {}
JVM_EXTRA_OPTS: "-Xms128m -Xmx1g"
global_configuration:
CONTAINER_REGISTRY: tungstenfabric
ansible-playbook -e orchestrator=kubernetes -i inventory/ playbooks/configure_instances.yml
- it takes about 10 minutes
ansible-playbook -e orchestrator=kubernetes -i inventory/ playbooks/install_k8s.yml
- it takes about 5 minutes
ansible-playbook -e orchestrator=kubernetes -i inventory/ playbooks/install_contrail.yml
- it takes about 20 minutes
需要注意的一点是，使用受支持的内核版本是一项相当严格的要求，因为Tungsten Fabric将自己的内核模块（vrouter.ko）用于其数据平面。我尝试了CentOS7.5、7.6，Ubuntu Xenial，并发现它也运行良好（对于Ubuntu Bionic，需要进行一些修改），但如果是第一次尝试，我建议使用特定的AMI ID，因为由于不能正常工作而进行调试和排错不是一件容易的事。
如果所有“剧本”（playbooks）都运行良好，可以先输入内容，
contrail-status
它负责检查一切是否正常。
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# contrail-status
Pod Service Original Name State Status
redis contrail-external-redis running Up 5 minutes
analytics alarm-gen contrail-analytics-alarm-gen running Up 2 minutes
analytics api contrail-analytics-api running Up 2 minutes
analytics collector contrail-analytics-collector running Up 2 minutes
analytics nodemgr contrail-nodemgr running Up 2 minutes
analytics query-engine contrail-analytics-query-engine running Up 2 minutes
analytics snmp-collector contrail-analytics-snmp-collector running Up 2 minutes
analytics topology contrail-analytics-topology running Up 2 minutes
config api contrail-controller-config-api running Up 4 minutes
config device-manager contrail-controller-config-devicemgr running Up 3 minutes
config nodemgr contrail-nodemgr running Up 4 minutes
config schema contrail-controller-config-schema running Up 4 minutes
config svc-monitor contrail-controller-config-svcmonitor running Up 4 minutes
config-database cassandra contrail-external-cassandra running Up 4 minutes
config-database nodemgr contrail-nodemgr running Up 4 minutes
config-database rabbitmq contrail-external-rabbitmq running Up 4 minutes
config-database zookeeper contrail-external-zookeeper running Up 4 minutes
control control contrail-controller-control-control running Up 3 minutes
control dns contrail-controller-control-dns running Up 3 minutes
control named contrail-controller-control-named running Up 3 minutes
control nodemgr contrail-nodemgr running Up 3 minutes
database cassandra contrail-external-cassandra running Up 2 minutes
database kafka contrail-external-kafka running Up 2 minutes
database nodemgr contrail-nodemgr running Up 2 minutes
database zookeeper contrail-external-zookeeper running Up 2 minutes
kubernetes kube-manager contrail-kubernetes-kube-manager running Up About a minute
webui job contrail-controller-webui-job running Up 3 minutes
webui web contrail-controller-webui-web running Up 3 minutes
WARNING: container with original name 'contrail-external-redis' have Pod or Service empty. Pod: '' / Service: 'redis'. Please pass NODE_TYPE with pod name to container's env
== Contrail control ==
control: active
nodemgr: active
named: active
dns: active
== Contrail config-database ==
nodemgr: initializing (Disk for DB is too low. )
zookeeper: active
rabbitmq: active
cassandra: active
== Contrail kubernetes ==
kube-manager: active
== Contrail database ==
kafka: active
nodemgr: initializing (Disk for DB is too low. )
zookeeper: active
cassandra: active
== Contrail analytics ==
snmp-collector: active
query-engine: active
api: active
alarm-gen: active
nodemgr: active
collector: active
topology: active
== Contrail webui ==
web: active
job: active
== Contrail config ==
svc-monitor: active
nodemgr: active
device-manager: active
api: active
schema: active
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]#
[root@ip-172-31-41-236 ~]# contrail-status
Pod Service Original Name State Status
vrouter agent contrail-vrouter-agent running Up 52 seconds
vrouter nodemgr contrail-nodemgr running Up 52 seconds
vrouter kernel module is PRESENT
== Contrail vrouter ==
nodemgr: active
agent: active
[root@ip-172-31-41-236 ~]#
这应该表明大多数组件都处于“active”状态，除了以下的：
nodemgr: initializing (Disk for DB is too low.)
这是可以在demo设置中安全地忽略的问题。
注意：这基本上表明使用率超过50％，对于Cassandra来说这是一个很重要的问题。
如果一切正常，则可以尝试使用此命令查看Tungsten Fabric路由表的状态。
pip install lxml prettytable
git clone https://github.com/vcheny/contrail-introspect-cli.git
##or curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vcheny/contrail-introspect-cli/master/ist.py
./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr status
./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr nei ## similar to 'show bgp summary'
./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route summary ## similar to 'show route summary'
./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route tables ## show routing-tables
./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route show ## similar to 'show route'
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr status
module_id: contrail-control
state: Functional
description
+-----------+-----------+---------------------+--------+----------------------------------+
| type | name | server_addrs | status | description |
+-----------+-----------+---------------------+--------+----------------------------------+
| Collector | n/a | 172.31.14.47:8086 | Up | Established |
| Database | Cassandra | 172.31.14.47:9041 | Up | Established Cassandra connection |
| Database | RabbitMQ | 172.31.14.47:5673 | Up | RabbitMQ connection established |
+-----------+-----------+---------------------+--------+----------------------------------+
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr nei
+--------------------------------------+---------------+----------+----------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------+
| peer | peer_address | peer_asn | encoding | peer_type | state | send_state | flap_count | flap_time |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+----------+----------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------+
| ip-172-31-41-236.ap- | 172.31.41.236 | 0 | XMPP | internal | Established | in sync | 0 | n/a |
| northeast-1.compute.internal | | | | | | | | |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+----------+----------+-----------+-------------+------------+------------+-----------+
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route summary
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+-------+---------------+-----------------+------------------+
| name | prefixes | paths | primary_paths | secondary_paths | infeasible_paths |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+-------+---------------+-----------------+------------------+
| default-domain:default- | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| project:__link_local__:__link_local__.inet.0 | | | | | |
| default-domain:default-project:default-virtual- | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| network:default-virtual-network.inet.0 | | | | | |
| inet.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric:ip- | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| fabric.inet.0 | | | | | |
| default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| :k8s-default-pod-network.inet.0 | | | | | |
| default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-service- | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| network:k8s-default-service-network.inet.0 | | | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+-------+---------------+-----------------+------------------+
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route tables
name: default-domain:default-project:__link_local__:__link_local__.inet.0
name: default-domain:default-project:default-virtual-network:default-virtual-network.inet.0
name: inet.0
name: default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric:ip-fabric.inet.0
name: default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network:k8s-default-pod-network.inet.0
name: default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-service-network:k8s-default-service-network.inet.0
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route show
bgp.ermvpn.0: 6 destinations, 6 routes (0 primary, 6 secondary, 0 infeasible)
1-172.31.41.236:1-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.545449, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023211
[Local|None] age: 0:02:26.548569, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
1-172.31.41.236:2-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:01:09.096721, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:42:35.471939
[Local|None] age: 0:01:09.100272, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
1-172.31.41.236:3-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:00:41.812247, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.756413
[Local|None] age: 0:00:41.816037, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
2-172.31.41.236:1-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.544851, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023809
[Local|None] age: 0:02:26.548875, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
2-172.31.41.236:2-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:01:09.096567, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:42:35.472093
[Local|None] age: 0:01:09.100828, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
2-172.31.41.236:3-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:00:41.812032, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.756628
[Local|None] age: 0:00:41.816542, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
bgp.evpn.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (0 primary, 3 secondary, 0 infeasible)
2-172.31.41.236:1-0-0e:92:cc:bd:aa:08,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.545224, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023436
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.550028, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'mpls-o-gre', 'udp'], label: 20, AS path: None
2-172.31.41.236:1-0-0e:92:cc:bd:aa:08,172.31.41.236, age: 0:02:26.545271, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023389
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.550313, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'mpls-o-gre', 'udp'], label: 20, AS path: None
3-172.31.41.236:1-2-172.31.41.236, age: 0:02:26.545365, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023295
[Local|None] age: 0:02:26.550656, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['vxlan'], label: 2, AS path: None
bgp.l3vpn.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (0 primary, 3 secondary, 0 infeasible)
172.31.41.236:1:172.31.41.236/32, age: 0:02:26.545019, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023641
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.550608, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp', 'native'], label: 16, AS path: None
172.31.41.236:2:10.47.255.252/32, age: 0:00:41.733374, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835286
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.739187, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
172.31.41.236:3:10.96.0.10/32, age: 0:00:41.732905, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835755
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.738945, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
bgp.rtarget.0: 7 destinations, 7 routes (7 primary, 0 secondary, 0 infeasible)
64512:target:64512:8000001, age: 0:02:26.592101, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:17.976559
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.598445, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
64512:target:64512:8000002, age: 0:02:26.592073, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:17.976587
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.598626, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
64512:target:64512:8000003, age: 0:02:26.592051, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:17.976609
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.598800, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
64512:target:172.31.14.47:0, age: 0:05:09.194543, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:38:35.374117
[Local|None] age: 0:05:09.201488, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
64512:target:172.31.14.47:1, age: 0:02:26.592028, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:17.976632
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.599168, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
64512:target:172.31.14.47:4, age: 0:01:09.099898, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:42:35.468762
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:01:09.107253, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
64512:target:172.31.14.47:5, age: 0:00:41.824049, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.744611
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.831612, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric:ip-fabric.ermvpn.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (3 primary, 0 secondary, 0 infeasible)
0-172.31.41.236:1-0.0.0.0,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.544896, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023764
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.552710, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 0, AS path: None
1-0:0-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.545544, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023116
[Local|None] age: 0:02:26.553571, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
2-0:0-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.544992, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023668
[Local|None] age: 0:02:26.553215, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric:ip-fabric.evpn.0: 4 destinations, 4 routes (4 primary, 0 secondary, 0 infeasible)
2-0:0-0-0e:92:cc:bd:aa:08,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.545298, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023362
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.553810, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'mpls-o-gre', 'udp'], label: 20, AS path: None
2-0:0-0-0e:92:cc:bd:aa:08,172.31.41.236, age: 0:02:26.545318, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023342
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.554076, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'mpls-o-gre', 'udp'], label: 20, AS path: None
2-172.31.41.236:1-2-ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff,0.0.0.0, age: 0:02:26.545486, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023174
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.554476, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['vxlan'], label: 2, AS path: None
3-172.31.41.236:1-2-172.31.41.236, age: 0:02:26.545411, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023249
[Local|None] age: 0:02:26.554614, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['vxlan'], label: 2, AS path: None
default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric:ip-fabric.inet.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.252/32, age: 0:00:41.733312, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835348
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.742801, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
10.96.0.10/32, age: 0:00:41.732847, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835813
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.742561, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
172.31.41.236/32, age: 0:02:26.545051, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023609
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.554985, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp', 'native'], label: 16, AS path: None
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network:k8s-default-pod-network.ermvpn.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (3 primary, 0 secondary, 0 infeasible)
0-172.31.41.236:2-0.0.0.0,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:01:09.096823, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:42:35.471837
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:01:09.107020, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 0, AS path: None
1-0:0-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:01:09.096765, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:42:35.471895
[Local|None] age: 0:01:09.107383, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
2-0:0-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:01:09.096621, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:42:35.472039
[Local|None] age: 0:01:09.107473, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network:k8s-default-pod-network.inet.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.252/32, age: 0:00:41.733411, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835249
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.744526, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
10.96.0.10/32, age: 0:00:41.732872, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835788
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.744256, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
172.31.41.236/32, age: 0:02:26.544986, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023674
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.556602, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp', 'native'], label: 16, AS path: None
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-service-network:k8s-default-service-network.ermvpn.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (3 primary, 0 secondary, 0 infeasible)
0-172.31.41.236:3-0.0.0.0,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:00:41.812457, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.756203
[XMPP|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.824352, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 0, AS path: None
1-0:0-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:00:41.812393, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.756267
[Local|None] age: 0:00:41.824504, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
2-0:0-172.31.14.47,255.255.255.255,0.0.0.0, age: 0:00:41.812099, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.756561
[Local|None] age: 0:00:41.824428, localpref: 100, nh: 172.31.14.47, encap: [], label: 0, AS path: None
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-service-network:k8s-default-service-network.inet.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.252/32, age: 0:00:41.733337, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835323
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.745932, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
10.96.0.10/32, age: 0:00:41.732935, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:43:02.835725
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:00:41.745758, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 25, AS path: None
172.31.41.236/32, age: 0:02:26.544959, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:41:18.023701
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:02:26.558031, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp', 'native'], label: 16, AS path: None
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]#
如果显示类似信息，则说明一切正常，你可以基于K8s yaml创建容器了。
vi first-containers.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: cirros-deployment
labels:
app: cirros-deployment
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: cirros-deployment
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: cirros-deployment
spec:
containers:
- name: cirros
image: cirros
ports:
- containerPort: 22
kubectl create -f first-containers.yaml
kubectl get pod -o wide ## check pod name and ip
kubectl exec -it cirros-deployment-xxxx sh
ping (another pod's ip)
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 ~]# kubectl create -f first-containers.yaml
deployment "cirros-deployment" created
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
cirros-deployment-54b65ccf48-cr9dd 1/1 Running 0 34s 10.47.255.250 ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal
cirros-deployment-54b65ccf48-z9dds 1/1 Running 0 34s 10.47.255.251 ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 ~]# kubectl exec -it cirros-deployment-54b65ccf48-cr9dd sh
/ #
/ #
/ # ping 10.47.255.251
PING 10.47.255.251 (10.47.255.251): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.47.255.251: seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.572 ms
64 bytes from 10.47.255.251: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.086 ms
^C
--- 10.47.255.251 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.086/0.329/0.572 ms
/ #
太棒了！这是通过Tungsten Fabric vRouter传输的第一个报文。
如果运行有问题，也请不要介意。Tungten Fabric的Slack站点可以为你提供帮助。在以下的地址提交你的日志，并尝试寻求帮助来解决该问题。地址：https://tungstenfabric.slack.com
(编者按：国内用户请关注微信TF中文社区，中文官网：https://tungstenfabric.org.cn/ )
再次输入“ist.py ctr route show”，你将看到k8s-pod-network包含了来自两个pod以及每个pod的下一跳，与K8s节点的IP相同。
./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route show (pod ip) ## similar to 'show route (some ip)'
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route show 10.47.255.250
default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric:ip-fabric.inet.0: 5 destinations, 5 routes (1 primary, 4 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.250/32, age: 0:03:10.553628, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:46:13.217388
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:03:10.556716, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 37, AS path: None
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network:k8s-default-pod-network.inet.0: 5 destinations, 5 routes (3 primary, 2 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.250/32, age: 0:03:10.553734, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:46:13.217282
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:03:10.557251, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 37, AS path: None
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-service-network:k8s-default-service-network.inet.0: 5 destinations, 5 routes (1 primary, 4 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.250/32, age: 0:03:10.553654, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:46:13.217362
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:03:10.557453, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 37, AS path: None
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]#
请注意，ip-fabric VN和k8s-default-service-network也具有该前缀，因为k8s-pod-network的路由已“泄漏”到那些网络。想要具有某个特定路由表的路由，可以使用-t选项。
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]# ./contrail-introspect-cli/ist.py ctr route show -t default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network:k8s-default-pod-network.inet.0 10.47.255.251
default-domain:k8s-default:k8s-default-pod-network:k8s-default-pod-network.inet.0: 5 destinations, 5 routes (3 primary, 2 secondary, 0 infeasible)
10.47.255.251/32, age: 0:05:44.533377, last_modified: 2019-Apr-13 01:46:09.193202
[XMPP (interface)|ip-172-31-41-236.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal] age: 0:05:44.536291, localpref: 200, nh: 172.31.41.236, encap: ['gre', 'udp'], label: 32, AS path: None
[root@ip-172-31-14-47 contrail-ansible-deployer]#
附录：外部访问
有人说Tungsten Fabric总是需要好的路由器才能实现外部访问，我认为这里有些误解。
实际上这是不对的，因为从v4.1开始，Tungsten Fabric开始支持一项称为无网关（gatewayless）的功能，该功能允许容器直接与外界通信（对于带有Calico的类似用例也很有用）。
要启用此功能，你可以登录Tungsten Fabric WebUI（https://(k8s masters's ip):8143，admin:contrail123）并进入Configure > Networks > k8s-default-pod-network，以切换Advanced Options > IP Fabric Forwarding。
- 你还需要在该VN和default-domain:default-project:ip-fabric之间设置网络策略，因为如果没有此策略，RPF check将丢弃该报文
如果ping一下从容器到K8s master的IP，你会发现K8s master从容器接收到一个报文，并向K8s master添加静态路由，ping的运行效果良好。
- 请注意，如果你使用的是AWS，则需要进行K8s节点的接口设置（EC2 > Network Interfaces > Change Source/Dest Check > Disabled）
因此，它允许对基于外部访问的网络节点进行类似的设置，该访问基于路由器上的静态路由。
你还可以选择将IPv4 BGP与无网关（gatewayless）结合使用，因为它可以动态更新每个容器的下一跳，并将报文直接发送到正确的vRouter，从而消除了瓶颈。
注意：此虚拟网络（virtual-network）也可以用作浮动IP（floating-ip）的来源。
1.此虚拟网络上设置“Advanced Options”>“External”（ 浮动IP池将使用“default”作为名称来创建）
2.从Kubernetes或OpenStack分配浮动IP（floating-ip）
- 对于Kubernetes，它将是外部IP的来源，并且需要将此参数指定给kube-manager: KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_FIP_POOL。例如：KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_FIP_POOL={'domain': 'default-domain', 'project': 'default', 'network': 'public-network1', 'name': 'default' }
- 对于OpenStack，horizon或cli可用于为虚拟机分配浮动IP
3.你也可以从Tungsten Fabric WebUI直接将浮动IP分配给特定端口（Configure > Ports > edit > floating-ip）
3接下来的行动
这可能是你第一次接触Tungsten Fabric，关于看完这篇文章后要怎么做，这里有一些建议。其实，有很多事情可以做，例如高可用性、监视，与其它编排器或路由器/交换机的集成等。
网络上有很多资源，但是你需要做好选择，我将首先推荐Contrail软件包和教育材料中的一些资源，即便你只会使用开源版本。
Tungsten Fabric是一个功能强大的平台，具有很多功能，例如安全策略、分析、l3dsr负载平衡器、服务链、BGPaaS等，其中许多功能对于解决现实世界中的问题都是非常棒的。这些链接将包含很多内容以及到其他资源的链接。
编者按：这里有几个沟通的渠道，如果需要帮助，请尝试使用它们：
官网社区：https://tungsten.io/community/
中文官网：https://tungstenfabric.org.cn/
微信公众号：TF中文社区
Tungsten Fabric 架构解析系列文章——
第一篇：TF主要特点和用例
第二篇：TF怎么运作
第三篇：详解vRouter体系结构
第四篇：TF的服务链
第五篇：vRouter的部署选项
第六篇：TF如何收集、分析、部署？
第七篇：TF如何编排
第八篇：TF支持API一览
第九篇：TF如何连接到物理网络？
第十篇：TF基于应用程序的安全策略
